To solve the problem, change the permission/owner to your owner like oracle or grid.

See below the steps:

[root@machine01 30920127]# cat /etc/oratab
#
+ASM2:/u01/app/19.0.0/grid:N
teste:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1:N
[root@machine01 ~]# . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [root] ? teste
The Oracle base has been set to /u01/app/oracle
[root@machine01 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatchauto apply /stage/midia/30920127 -oh $ORACLE_HOME

OPatchauto session is initiated at Mon Nov 7 13:50:27 2020

System initialization log file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2020-11-07_02-50-29PM.log.

Session log file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2020-11-07_02-50-37PM.log
The id for this session is 3CTC
OPATCHAUTO-72043: Patch collection failed.
OPATCHAUTO-72043: Failed to create bundle patch object.
OPATCHAUTO-72043: Please verify the patch supplied.
OPatchAuto failed.

OPatchauto session completed at Mon Nov 7 13:50:38 2020
Time taken to complete the session 0 minute, 11 seconds

opatchauto failed with error code 42
[root@machine01 ~]# pwd
/root
[root@machine01 ~]# cd /stage/midia/30920127/
[root@machine01 30920127]# ls
26839277 30869447 30882603 30886680 30888810 automation bundle.xml README.html README.txt
[root@machine01 30920127]# chown oracle:oinstall * -Rf
[root@machine01 30920127]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatchauto apply /stage/midia/30920127 -oh $ORACLE_HOME

OPatchauto session is initiated at Mon Nov 7 13:50:59 2020

System initialization log file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2020-11-07_02-51-01PM.log.

Session log file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2020-11-07_02-51-09PM.log
The id for this session is RB4L
OPATCHAUTO-72043: Patch collection failed.
OPATCHAUTO-72043: Failed to create bundle patch object.
OPATCHAUTO-72043: Please verify the patch supplied.
OPatchAuto failed.

OPatchauto session completed at Mon Nov 7 13:51:10 2020
Time taken to complete the session 0 minute, 11 seconds

opatchauto failed with error code 42
[root@machine01 30920127]# chown oracle:oinstall ../* -Rf

or
chown oracle:oinstall /stage/midia/30920127 -Rf

##############################################################################
Problem solved !!!!
##############################################################################

[root@machine01 30920127]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatchauto apply /stage/midia/30920127 -oh $ORACLE_HOME

OPatchauto session is initiated at Mon Nov 7 13:51:24 2020

System initialization log file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2020-11-07_02-51-26PM.log.

Session log file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2020-11-07_02-51-33PM.log
The id for this session is WH1A

Executing OPatch prereq operations to verify patch applicability on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
Patch applicability verified successfully on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Verifying SQL patch applicability on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
No step execution required………

Preparing to bring down database service on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
No step execution required………

Performing prepatch operation on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
Perpatch operation completed successfully on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Start applying binary patch on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
Binary patch applied successfully on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Performing postpatch operation on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
Postpatch operation completed successfully on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Preparing home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1 after database service restarted
No step execution required………

Trying to apply SQL patch on home /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
No step execution required………

OPatchAuto successful.

——————————–Summary——————————–

Patching is completed successfully. Please find the summary as follows:

Host:machine01
RAC Home:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
Version:12.2.0.1.0
Summary:

==Following patches were SKIPPED:

Patch: /stage/midia/30920127/30869447
Reason: This patch is not applicable to this specified target type – “rac_database”

Patch: /stage/midia/30920127/26839277
Reason: This patch is not applicable to this specified target type – “rac_database”

Patch: /stage/midia/30920127/30888810
Reason: This patch is not applicable to this specified target type – “rac_database”

==Following patches were SUCCESSFULLY applied:

Patch: /stage/midia/30920127/30882603
Log: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2020-11-07_14-51-45PM_1.log

Patch: /stage/midia/30920127/30886680
Log: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2020-11-07_14-51-45PM_1.log

OPatchauto session completed at Mon Nov 7 13:54:01 2020
Time taken to complete the session 2 minutes, 37 seconds

[root@machine01 30920127]#